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Getting Started with Git and GitHub
Git is a powerful version control system that helps track changes in your code. GitHub allows you to store your projects remotely, collaborate with others, and manage versions effectively. This guide will help you get started with Git and GitHub.
1. Initializing a Git Repository
To start tracking your project with Git, navigate to your project folder and initialize a repository:
cd my-project
git init
This creates a hidden .git folder, making it a Git repository.
2. Tracking and Committing Files
After making changes, add them to Git’s staging area:
git add .
Or add specific files:
git add filename.txt
Next, commit your changes with a message:
git commit -m "Initial commit"
3. Configuring Git User Details
Set up your Git username and email (used for commits):
git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email "[email protected]"
4. Cloning a GitHub Repository
To download an existing GitHub repository:
git clone <repo-url>
5. Checking Repository Status
View the current status of your files:
git status
Check the remote repository URL:
git remote -v
6. Syncing with GitHub
To fetch updates from GitHub without applying them:
git fetch origin
To fetch and merge updates:
git pull origin main
To push local changes to GitHub:
git push origin main
7. Working with Branches
To create and switch to a new branch:
git checkout -b new-feature
To list all branches:
git branch
To switch to another branch:
git checkout main
For newer versions of Git:
git switch main
8. Merging Branches
To merge a feature branch into the main branch:
git checkout main
git merge new-feature
If conflicts arise, resolve them manually, then:
git add .
git commit -m "Resolved merge conflicts"
9. Using GitHub Pull Requests (Recommended for Teams)
Push your branch to GitHub:
git push origin new-featureOn GitHub, go to the Pull Requests tab.
Click “New pull request”.
Select the source and target branches.
Click “Create pull request” and merge after approval.
Conclusion
This guide covered the basics of Git and GitHub to help you track changes, collaborate, and manage versions efficiently.